Abstract
During the last 10 years Aker Maritime has used cold forming as an important process in fabrication of piping. The cold forming process includes cold bending of pipes and flaring of pipe ends. A total of 15 – 20 000 bends have been made in materials like carbon steel, SS 316, duplex stainless steels, SS 6Mo, and titanium. An extensive test program has been performed covering aspects expected to cause problems in service. The testing has documented satisfactory properties in the bends regarding mechanical properties, fatigue, and general and pitting corrosion. Normally no heat treatment is required after cold forming. For heavy walled pipe full solution annealing of the complete pipe spools has been successfully performed after cold forming. Experience from several projects have shown that the cost savings are considerable. The cost for procurement of fittings is reduced by 80 %, and the time for pre fabrication is dramatically reduced. The service experience is excellent, no service failure has so far been reported in cold formed components.