Abstract
Because of their superior mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties over conventional austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels have been increasingly used in many industry areas, especially in the offshore, petrochemical and shipbuilding industries. In the fabrication of duplex structures, compared with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes, the application of flux-cored wires (FCWs) has been limited, although this process has a great potential for a significant improvement in productivity. This is mainly attributed to a lack of suitable wires that are capable of offering all-positional operability, particularly for the positions of ASME 5G/6G fixed pipework. Development work of an all-positional rutile flux-cored wire for duplex steels has recently been carried out, which resulted in the formulation and manufacturing technologies for the wire being well-established. The design of the wire successfully achieved a combination of satisfactory operability, especially for difficult welding positions, radiographically sound weld metal and adequate impact toughness at sub-zero temperatures. In this paper, the design philosophy of the wire and its welding performance with a special emphasis on the positional capability are introduced. The weld metal properties together with the results from procedure testing and practical considerations are also presented.