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Corrosion in Multiphase Environments
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Many service applications involve the exposure to multiphase environments that contain produced, process or condensed water in combination with hydrocarbon liquid and dissolved gases such as H2S, CO2, O2 and other species. Under such conditions, many factors must be considered when assessing the system corrosivity. These include environmental parameters such as partial pressure of the acid gases, temperature, chloride content and the amount of buffering salts in solution. They indicate the corro...
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Oxidation Resistance
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Many service applications involve the exposure to multiphase environments that contain produced, process or condensed water in combination with hydrocarbon liquid and dissolved gases such as H2S, CO2, O2 and other species. Under such conditions, many factors must be considered when assessing the system corrosivity. These include environmental parameters such as partial pressure of the acid gases, temperature, chloride content and the amount of buffering salts in solution. They indicate the corro...
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Geometry of Exposure
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One of the factors that can have a great impact on corrosion severity is the geometry of the service application. Obvious cases are those involving crevices, seams, laps and welds where the formation of an occluded cell can result in differences between local and bulk solutions. Other factors such as hot wall effects can also complicate service conditions. In some cases, the whole service condition may bring together somewhat unique combinations of solution and geometric variables which can not ...
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Carburization
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Carburization is the formation of metal carbides in a material as a result of exposure to a carbon containing atmosphere. In some cases, materials are intentionally carburized to impart a high surface hardness and wear resistance. However, in service, it can result in loss of mechanical properties over time in addition to wastage of the material. The corrosion process referred to as "Metal Dusting" is a carburization process which results in surface attack and the formation of a powdery residue....
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Fracture Mechanics Tests
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Fracture mechanics testing techniques are typically utilized for evaluation of the effects of metallurgical or environmental variables on EAC where the specimen contains a sharp crack. One of the most common and relatively simple techniques for incorporation of fracture mechanics techniques for the evaluation of EAC is through the use of constant load or constant deflection specimens. In the case of constant load specimens, a load is applied to a fracture mechanics specimen using a directly appl...
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